Medium Leaved White Clover

White clover is one of the most common legumes in the UK. This species can be recognised by its creeping growth habit. Its creeping stolons help to fill in gaps in the sward, putting down roots at each node. White clover varieties can be categorised into small, medium and large leaf sizes. Generally the smaller the leaf size, the more persistent and prostrate the plant will be, the small leaf type will tolerate closer grazing from sheep and tends to sit lower at the base of the sward, the small and medium leaf varieties are used for grazing mixtures. Using mixtures of white clover varieties helps to ensure that at least one can tolerate and contribute to what ever management regime is being imposed at a given time. The medium leaf varieties are very adaptable, generally they can be used for both grazing and cutting mixtures. They combine a good tolerance to cattle or sheep grazing and can contribute to cutting yields, while still being more persistent than the large leaf varieties. There are also variations, which can be classed as small to medium in terms of leaf size. Common medium leaf varieties are aberherald & aberdai, while the variety aberpearl is classed as small to medium leaf in terms of size.

Uses

A dual purpose clover, used for cutting and long term grazing swards.

Persistence

The medium leaf varieties are reasonably persistent lasting at least 4-5 years, depending on sward management.

Strengths

Good drought resistance and naturally fixes atmospheric nitrogen. A very high protein forage promoting good milk and meat production. Medium leaf varieties are very adaptable and are often included in both cutting and grazing mixtures, to make the most of their persistence, yield and grazing tolerance.

Frost Tolerance

Good frost tolerance.

Yield

8t DM per ha.

Sowing Rate Advice

4kg per acre / 10kg per ha.

Not usually sown as a pure stand

Mixture Sowing Rate Advice

0.5kg - 1.5kgs per acre - 1.25 - 3.75kg per ha.

White clover is usually included in grazing mixtures, some mixtures utilise high levels of white clover in a sward to reduce artificial inputs and promote livestock growth and production, such as organic farming systems.

Ideal Sowing Time

Legumes must be sown in warm soils, from late April to early September.

Management

When clover seed is sown, either as a component of a mixture or a pure stand, the depth of sowing is critical. The seed should be sown no deeper than 10mm, sowing too deeply can reduce the germination and establishment dramatically. Small seeds like clover, prefer a firm seed bed, a loose un-rolled, puffy seedbed can also result in a poor germination. White clover can also been over-sown into an existing grass sward, however guidelines should be followed to get the best result, the competition from the existing sward can reduce the reliability of the over-sowing. In high artificial nitrogen systems, white clover can struggle to persist in the sward.

Distinguishing characteristics

Seed
White clover seed is significantly smaller in size than red clover seed. It is a smooth, small and rounded seed, with a pale yellow to beige colour. It is approximately 1mm in length.

Seedling
White clover seedlings have small, oval shaped cotyledons, they are approximately 3-4mm long by 2-3mm in width, making them slightly longer than they are wide. The seedling and first true leaf is glabrous (free from hair) with a round 1st true leaf, that has a softly serrated margin.

Flowering Plant
The plant is normally a rich green colour. The leaves are trifoliate, varying from heart shaped to elliptical. Each leaf usually has a lighter green crescent shaped area on the upper side of the leaf, and toothed margins. The plant is hairless, with small and sharply pointed stipules. The flower heads are white and produced on the end of a stalk, longer than the leaf stalks. It has a reasonable taproot and a secondary rooting system, made up of creeping surface stolons.

Additional Info

Average seeds per kg - 1,200,000. Average protein content 25-27%. May cause bloat in some situations particularly in cattle.

Works well with

Medium leaf white clover is very adaptable, it can be used in mixtures with traditional grasses like meadow fescue and Timothy. It also works well in grazing mixtures with leafy perennial ryegrass. Occasionally small or small to medium leaved, prostrate varieties may be combined with yellow trefoil as an undersowing mixture beneath cereal crops.

Buy Medium Leaved White Clover Straight

You can find Medium Leaved White Clover in the following mixtures

• White Clover Over-Seeding Long Term Grazing
• White Clover Over-Seeding Long Term Grazing 70% ORGANIC
• White Clover Over-Seeding Dairy Graze or Silage
• White Clover Over-Seeding Dairy Graze or Silage 70% ORGANIC
• Ryegrass and Clover Over-Seeding Longer Term 4-5 Years
• Ryegrass & Clover Over-Seeding Longer Term 4-5 Yr 70% ORGANIC
• ‘POCHON’ Persistent Long Term Grazing Ley
• ‘POCHON’ Persistent Long Term Grazing Ley 70% ORGANIC
• ‘POCHON’ Dairy Two-Four Year Silage/Grazing Ley
• ‘POCHON’ Dairy Two-Four Year Silage/Grazing 70% ORGANIC
• Permanent Grass
• Milk-Meat Cut or Graze Five Year Plus Ley
• Yellow Trefoil/White Clover Intercrop Mixture
• Yellow Trefoil/white Clover Intercrop Mixture 70% ORGANIC
• Light Land Beef/Sheep - Long Term Ley
• ‘CHOLDERTON’ Mix Four Year Plus Grazing/Cutting Ley
• ‘CHOLDERTON’ Mix Four Year Plus Grazing/Cutting Ley 70% ORGANIC
• Light Land Legume & Herb Rich Sward (GS4/SAM3)
• Light Land Legume & Herb Rich Sward (OP4/SAM3) 70% Organic
• Heavy Land Legume & Herb Rich Sward (GS4/SAM3)
• Heavy Land Legume & Herb Rich Sward (OP4/SAM3) 70% Organic
• Diverse Over-Seed Heavy Land or Cutting Mix
• Diverse Over-Seed Heavy Land/ Cutting Mix 70% Organic

History

Breeding programmes in New Zealand and England are noted around the world for the quality varieties they produce.